Design Optimization of Subcavitating Hydrofoils for America's Cup Class Yachts

In our recent study, we examined various flap sizes. While we did not vary the flap sizes continuously due to the complexities involved with different meshes, we were able to conduct a few rapid assessments. The results indicate that under high lift conditions, larger flaps provide significant advantages. However, this benefit comes with trade-offs related to hinging moments, actuation, and other engineering considerations beyond aerodynamics.

The accompanying plot illustrates the performance of the different flaps, all of which meet the cavitation constraint. Additionally, we briefly explored 3D optimization; however, this presents a more complex challenge.