The colonization of the colour pink: colour names and colour categories in te reo Māori - presented by Dr. Victoria Chen and Prof. Neil Dodgson

The colonization of the colour pink: colour names and colour categories in te reo Māori

Victoria Chen and Neil Dodgson

Prof. Neil DodgsonDr. Victoria Chen
The colonisation of CRAYONS the colour pink: Berlin and Kay's Mawhero Whero colour terms in Karaka historic and modern Kowhai Mãori Kakariki Kikorangi Waiporoporo Neil A. Dodgson Parauri Victoria Chen Pango colour crayons labeled in Maori & English JUST GREAT Made in Aotearoa. www.justgreatdesign.com IIII DESIGN
00:00
He aha te tae O ténei? 2024: karaka 1954: arani 1854: whero 1254: kura
01:29 - 01:54
Roadmap Berlin & Kay's colour hierarchy Research questions, background, & methodology Four key periods in the te reo Mãori colour system Proto-Eastern Polynesian II: Early 19th century III: Mid 20th century IV: 21st century Conclusion, implications, & arising questions
03:18
Berlin-Kay basic colour terms Every language has basic colour terms Not reducible to other colour terms All colours in a colour category can be described by that category's basic colour term cyan corn steel flower indigo navy azure
03:42
Berlin-Kay basic colour terms Every language has basic colour terms Not reducible to other colour terms All colours in a colour category can be described by that category's basic colour term cyan corn steel indigo flower. blue navy azure
04:07
right piak papaya chartreuse
— om pink Papaya chartreuse
5 | uk > = pink bright plu papaya towne: OFAnge chartreuse
=n pink papaya chartreuse green
=n pink papaya chartreuse green blue
white caruation pink pink bright pink papaya orange orange yellow chartreuse green green peridot blue buttercup purple brown robin egg blue grey lagoou black
04:15 - 04:48
What colour is this? 2024: orange Hwaet hiew ys bys? 1224: reod
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What is a "basic colour term"? a color word applicable to a wide class of objects unlike blonde monolexemic unlike light blue reliably used by most native speakers unlike chartreuse
What is a "basic colour term"? a color word applicable to a wide class of objects unlike blonde monolexemic unlike light blue reliably used by most native speakers unlike chartreuse
05:28 - 06:04
a = eal a Kae z af
06:26
How do Berlin & Kay identify basic colour terms? interview native monolingual speakers to determine which words are the basic colour terms then ask native speakers to categorise all colours against those basic colour terms
07:00
Categorising colours 5R 10R 5YR 10YR 5Y 10Y 5GY 10GY 5G 10G 5BG 10BG 5B 10B 5PB 10PB 5P 10P 5RP 10RP If you had to give the colour a name, which basic colour name would you use?
07:37
Categorising colours in English 10R 5YR 10YR 5Y 10Y 5GY 10GY 5G 10G 5BG 10BG 5B 10B 5PB 10PB 5P 10RP pink yellow pink orange green blue brown purple white grey black
07:59
Berinmo has five fundamental colour terms 10YR 10GY 10BG 10PB 10RP Mehi Mehi The Berinmo are a tribe living on the upper reaches of the Sepik River in Papua New Guinea. Davidoff, J., Davies, I. R. L., & Roberson, D. (1999). Nature 398:203-204.
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Different languages do thing differently WHITE WHITE BLACK BLACK Stage I Stage II WHITE WHITE white YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW GREEN green blue BLACK BLACK black Stage Illa Stage IV Stage V purple white black [ red green yellow [ blue brown] pink orange grey
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A typology of colour systems across languages English Stage 7 Javanese Stage 6 Masai Stage 5 Daza Stage 4 Swahili Stage 2 Upper Pyramid Stage 1 Brent Berlin Paul Kay
10:46
Contemporary Mãori VS English white red yellow brown pink grey English black green blue purple orange ma whero kwhai parauri mäwhero kiwikiwi Mãori mangu kakariki kikorangi poroporo karaka both languages are at Stage 7 but
11:28
Uncovering the evolution and change in te reo's colour lexicon Historical lingusitics Colour theory Polynesian prehistory
Uncovering the evolution and change in te reo's colour lexicon Historical lingusitics Colour theory Polynesian prehistory Language loss Language contact
12:06 - 12:20
Our results Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Comtemporary Mãori (Stage 7)
12:43
Two patterns of lexical change 1200-1300s Proto-Eastern Polynesian Proto-Eastern Polynesian 1250-1300 AD The first arrival from East Polynesia 1642 The European because aware of Aotearoa 1769 James Cooks first voyage Pre-colonisation period 1814 First Christian mission station was founded Williams (1844, 1871) 1830s British Intervention 1835 Declaration of independence Rapid change: emergence of Stages 5-7 categories 1840 Waitangi Treaty was signed 1844 The first Mãori dictionary was published Post-colonisation period - present 1970s Mãori initiatives for language revitalisation 2023 Modern Mãori Ta Aka (ongoing)
13:04
Two patterns of lexical change Settlement of New Zealand; no language contact - Lexical innovations & replacements, but - No advancement in color category 1200-1300s Proto-Eastern Polynesian Proto-Eastern Polynesian 1250-1300 AD The first arrival from East Polynesia 1642 The European because aware of Aotearoa 1769 James Cooks first voyage Pre-colonisation period 1814 First Christian mission station was founded Williams (1844, 1871) 1830s British Intervention 1835 Declaration of independence Rapid change: emergence of Stages 5-7 categories 1840 Waitangi Treaty was signed 1844 The first Mãori dictionary was published Post-colonisation period - present 1970s Mãori initiatives for language revitalisation 2023 Modern Mãori Ta Aka (ongoing) Contact with socioculturally dominant language (English) - Rapid advancements in color category - Levelling of existing variants - New native words replacing English loans
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0a. Background Te Reo Mãori & Polynesian prehistory
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Proto-Eastern-Polynesian Shared common ancestor of eastern Polynesian languages Mãori, Hawaiian, Tahitian, Rapanui, Marquesan Time-depth: 800BP China North America Proto-Austronesian Taiwan Hawaiian is Mariana Is Marshall Is Philippines Caroline Is. Palau is EAST POLYNESIA Halmahera Borneo Kiribati Line Is Bismarck Arch WEST Sulawesi Guimea POLYNESIA Proto-Eastern-Polynesian Peru Indonesia Tuvalu Timor Solomon Is Samoa LAPITA Vanuati Fiji Niue Society Is humotu is CULTURE Tringa Austral Is New Caledonia Australia Rapanui Kermadec Is. Easter Is.) Norfolk Is SOUTH POLYNESIA New Zealand Chatham is. Mãori Auckland Is
14:37
me AUSal diaspora Taiwan Hawaii China Philippines 2000 BCE Marshall Islands 1500-1350 BCE Bismarck Arch. Marquesas New Quinea 1050 BCE Islands Solomon I. 1000-800 Western Samoa Vanuatu Cook I. Fiji Niue Society I. New Caledonia Tonga Australia 400 CE Pitcairn 1300 CE New Zealand Chatham Islands 1500 CE
15:30
Mãori and its immediate ancestor Rapid dispersal from the Society Islands, spanning about 100 years between AD 1190 and 1293 Hawaii Proto-Eastern Marshall Islands Polynesian Marquesas Proto-Central 1050 BCE Islands Solomon I. 1000-800 Eastern Polynesian Western Samoa nuatu Cook I. Fiji Niue Society I. Tahitian Rapa Nui aledonia Tonga 400 CE Pitcairn Rarotongan Hawaiian 1300 CE Tuamotuan NZ Mãori aland Marquesan Chatham Islands 1500 CE
15:52
Development in te reo Maori 12th century - Mãori settlement of NZ Hawaii response to new land Marshall Islands II. 19th century - Europeans arrive en masse response to cultural contact Marquesas 1050 BCE Islands olomon I. 1000-800 Western Samoa nuatu III. Mid 20th century Cook I. Fiji Niue Society I. revitalisation of te reo aledonia Tonga 400 CE Pitcairn 1300 CE IV. 21st century aland Chatham Islands 1500 CE
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The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Methodology Home Cognatesets Roots Loans Near Cognates Chance Res The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary 2 databases Polynesian Lexicon Project Online The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Pollex Online (https://acd.clld.org/) What is Pollex Online? Polynesian Lexicon Project Online POLLEX-Online is a large-scale comparative dictionary of Polynesian languages. POLLEX was started in the 1960s by Bruce Biggs at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. 11 dictionaries Bauer, W., Parker, W., & Evans, T.K. (1993). Mãori. Routledge. TE WHANAKE Biggs, B. (2012). The Complete English-Maori Dictionary (4th ed.). DICTIONARY of the Auckland University Press. Maori TE AKA Biggs, B. (2012). English-Maori, Maori-English Dictionary (4th ed.). MÃORI-ENGLISH ENGLISH-MAORI Auckland University Press. LANGUAGE Greenhill SJ & Clark R (2011). POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online. Oceanic Linguistics, 50(2), 551-559. Ranginui Walker, 'Mãori Studies - ngã tari Mãori', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/maori-studies-nga-tari- maori (accessed 24 January 2023) Tauroa, P., & Tauroa, P. (2006). Mãori phrasebook & dictionary (Rev. & DICTIONARY updated.). HarperCollins. JOHN C MOORFIELD Te Aka. (n.d.). TE AKA Mãori Dictionary. https://maoridictionarv.co.nz/ H.W. WILLIAMS M.A Williams (1848; 1852; 1871; 1892;). A dictionary of the New Zealand language. Whitcombs & Tombs; Williams and Norgate. Williams (1852) Williams (1917; 1957). A dictionary of the Maori language. Government Printer.
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Methodology Polynesian Basic colour terms File Edit View Insert Format Data Tools Extensions Help 100% Defaul NZ Mãori white (stage 1) ahoaho Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language ahoaho unclear etymology pure white, shining (but not applied to snow) Williams, 1957 A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE ahoaho white Biggs, 2012 The Complete English-Maori Dictionary Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language PPn *gali 'water. transpare white Williams, 1957 A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE 11 12 white, visible Greenhill SJ & Clark R, 2011 POLLEX 13 14 white Biggs, 2012 The Complete English-Maori Dictionary 16 17 kooreko unclear etymology white Biggs, 2012 The Complete English-Maori Dictionary korekoreko To be dazzled Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language koorekoreko white Biggs, 2012 The Complete English-Maori Dictionary 20 21 korako Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language 22 23 korako white Williams, 1957 A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE reko a white dogskin mat Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language reko white, of hair, feathers Williams, 1957 A DICTIONARY OF THE MAORI LANGUAGE white, clean Williams, 1844 A dictionary of the New Zealand language
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Ob. Uncovering proto-lexicon How do languages tell us about our past?
17:43
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis A
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis A
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis A change (innovation) (retention) (retention) (retention) (retention)
17:55 - 18:43
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis B
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis B
The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction Hypothesis B (retention) (innovation) (innovation) (innovation) (innovation)
18:54 - 19:04
Hypothesis A requires fewer assumptions to derive the fact. (Occam's Razor) Hypothesis A : 1 change Hypothesis B : 4 changes (innovation) (innovation) (innovation) (innovation) (innovation)
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The concept of the Comparative Method Proto-ABCDE 'apple' ? Lg. A Lg. B Lg. C Lg. D Lg. E tuna tula kuna 'apple'
The concept of the Comparative Method Proto-ABCDE *tuna 'apple' ? Lg. A Lg. B Lg. C Lg. D Lg. E tuna tula kuna 'apple' No change */>n *t h k zero *t z zero *n > zero
19:32 - 19:39
Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian gloss proto- inoa i'oa inoa 'name' mata mata maka 'eye' matari mata'i makani 'wind' mate mate make 'dead' nutu 'utu nuku 'mouth' tanata ta'ata kanaka 'person' tani ta'i kani 'weep' Step I: Set up the sound correspondence sets
Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian gloss proto- inoa i'oa inoa 'name' mata mata maka 'eye' 3 matari mata'i makani 'wind' 4 mate mate make 'dead' nutu 'utu nuku 'mouth' tanata ta'ata kanaka 'person' tani ta'i kani 'weep' Step I: Set up the sound correspondence sets Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian proto-phoneme examples 1,3,7 go to Step II 3,5,6,7 1,2,3,4,6,7 2,3,4 go to Step II 2,3,4,5,6,7
Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian gloss proto- inoa i'oa inoa 'name' mata mata maka 'eye' 3 matari mata'i makani 'wind' 4 mate mate make 'dead' nutu 'utu nuku 'mouth' tanata ta'ata kanaka 'person' tani ta'i kani 'weep' Step I: Set up the sound correspondence sets Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian proto-phoneme examples 1,3,7 go to Step II 3,5,6,7 1,2,3,4,6,7 2,3,4 go to Step II 2,3,4,5,6,7
20:06 - 20:29
Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian gloss proto- 1 inoa i'oa inoa 'name' inoa 2 mata mata maka 'eye' mata 3 matari mata'i makani 'wind' matani 4 mate mate make 'dead' mate nutu 'utu nuku 'mouth' nutu tanata ta'ata kanaka 'person' tanata tani ta'i kani 'weep' tani Step 3: Preliminary reconstruction of proto-phenemes. Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian proto-phoneme examples 1,3,7 go to Step II 3,5,6,7 1,2,3,4,6,7 2,3,4 go to Step II 2,3,4,5,6,7
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Uncovering proto-lexicon Proto-Mãori-Tahitian-Hawaiian *tani 'weep' Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian tani ta'i kani Sound changes: 1 n >' , in Tahitian 2 n>n in Hawaiian 3 t>I k in Hawaiian
Uncovering proto-lexicon Proto-Mãori-Tahitian-Hawaiian *tani 'weep' Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian Language X tani ta'i kani lala Sound changes: 1 n >' , in Tahitian 2 n > n in Hawaiian 3 t > k in Hawaiian
Uncovering proto-lexicon Proto-Mãori-Tahitian-Hawaiian *tani 'weep' Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian Language X tani ta'i kani lala Sound changes: 1 n > , in Tahitian *tani lost in LgX; 2 n >n in Hawaiian replaced by lala 3 t > k in Hawaiian
Uncovering proto-lexicon Proto-Mãori-Tahitian-Hawaiian *tani 'weep' Retention of *tani Retention of *tani Retention of *tani Mãori Tahitian Hawaiian Language X tani ta'i kani lala Sound changes: 1 n >' in Tahitian *tani lost in LgX; in Hawaiian replaced by lala 2 n > n 3 t > k in Hawaiian
20:39 - 21:29
Linguistic subgrouping and reconstruction Proto-Eastern Polynesian Polynesia Hawaii Marshall Johnston Proto-Central Islands Kingman Palmyra Eastern Polynesian Line Kiribati Baker Christmas Howland Jarvis Phoenix Tuvalu Tokelau Marquesas Wallis Samoa Tahitian Rapa Nui French Vanuatu Polynesia Niue Rarotongan Society Tuamotu Fiji Tonga Hawaiian Cook Gambier Islands Austral Tuamotuan Rapa Nui Kermadec Pitcairn NZ Mãori Marquesan Chatham 180° 160° 140° 120°
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Methodology The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Home Cognatesets Roots Loans Near Cognates Chance Resemblances Languages Sources Home The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (ACD) was created by Robert Blust and Steve Trussel and is the most comprehensive comparative dictionary for Austronesian languages ever compiled. The dictionary was originally hosted on a website designed by Trussel, and updated with content by Blust, until 2020 when, after Steve Trussel's unexpected passing, Blust sought to move the ACD to its current and more permanent site hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and managed by Robert Forkel. Approximately one month before Blust's passing in 2022, responsibility for the maintenance of the content of the ACD, including the addition of new terms and editing of existing entries, was passed to Alexander D. Smith who began working with Forkel in late January 2022. To search and browse entries, begin by navigating to Cognatesets and search for specific reconstructions or glosses. The original introduction to the ACD, written by Blust, can be accessed here. ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online edited by Blust, Robert & Trussel, Steph Alexander D. & Forkel, Robert is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Methodology e Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Home Cognatesets Roots Loans Near Cognates Chance Resemblances Languages Sources five Reconstructions Show/hide Labels GeoJSON - con size lima five lima na puluq fifty i-lima five PWMP in-lima five times India Lifes PWMP ka-lima five times Viet Nam usanalno PWMP kuma-lima fifth in order la-lima five (in counting people) maka-lima five times PWMP man-lima divide into groups of five Papul PWMP maR-lima divide into groups of five pa-lima divide into five paka-lima, five times paka-lima2 five times Australia Sika-lima fifth (ordinal numeral) ika-lima fifth (ordinal numeral) qa-lima hand New Zealand PWMP taR-lima five each, five together Aotearoa PWMP ka-lima-an (gloss uncertain) Leaflet OpenStreetMap contributors ma-lima-N fifty
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Methodology The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Home Cognatesets Roots Loans Near Cognates Chance Resemblances Languages Sources *putiq white Reconstructions Icon size - Show/hide Labels GeoJSON putiq white RIMID PWMP ka-putiq whiteness, white color Ha Noi PHILIP PWMP ma-mutiq to whiten: to become white Under PMP ma-putiq white Hyderahad Viet Nam PWMP ka-putiq-an (gloss uncertain) Us:inajou Philippines PWMP putiq-an to whiten, make something engaluru name PWMP putiq-en to whiten, make something (ing) PWMP ma-putiq-putiq whitish, somewhat white Micronesia PWMP putiq mata cowardly shameful edan Malaysia PMP pa-putiq (gloss uncertain) apore Borneo Sumatra Palembang Note Papua Niugini Surabay Also Alune putile 'white'. Tagalog puti? 'to become white; to whiten; to become bleached' shows the use of the infix *-um- as an inchoative marker, but no other examples of this usage could be found with this stem in the data examined. However, the use of a reflex of *-um- to mark inchoatives in color terms is Leaflet OpenStreetMap contributors found with other bases in languages such as Melanau (Mukah) of central Sarawak, where gadury is 'green' and gadun means
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The Comparative Method and linguistic reconstruction
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Linguistic subgrouping and reconstruction Proto-Eastern Polynesian The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Home Cognatesets Roots Loans Near Cognates Chance Resemblances Proto-Central The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Onlir Eastern Polynesian The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (ACD) was created by Robert Blust and Steve Trussel and dictionary for Austronesian languages ever compiled. The dictionary was originally hosted on a web by Blust, until 2020 when, after Steve Trussel's unexpected passing, Blust sought to move the ACD the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and managed by Robert Forkel. Approximate responsibility for the maintenance of the content of the ACD, including the addition of new terms an Alexander D. Smith who began working with Forkel in late January 2022. To search and browse entries, begin by navigating to Cognatesets and search for specific reconstru Tahitian Rapa Nui The original introduction to the ACD, written by Blust, can be accessed here. Rarotongan Hawaiian Polynesian Lexicon Project Online Tuamotuan NZ Mãori Pollex Online Marquesan What is Pollex Online? POLLEX-Online is a large-scale comparative dictionary of Polynesian languages. POLLEX was started in the 1960s by Bruce Biggs at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Biggs obtained funding for POLLEX through a New Zealand Government Lottery Grant, and a National Science Fou Bernice P. Bishop Museum. This project was first published as a monograph in 1966 (Biggs and Walsh 1966), and manuscripts and working papers (Biggs, Walsh and Waqa 1970, Biggs 1976, Biggs 1979), before being distributed Biggs worked on this project until his death in 2000 (Pawley 2001), when it was handed over to Ross Clark. If you use the POLLEX-Online database, please cite: Greenhill SJ & Clark R (2011). POLLEX-Online: Th Project Online. Oceanic Linguistics, 50(2), 551-559.
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|. 12th century Proto-Eastern Polynesian
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Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke
Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke
Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke PEP *qusi: {English black, green, or blue} PEP *sega: {English red, orange, or yellow} PEP * melo and *kefu: {English red or brown}
22:53 - 23:22
Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke white/light WHITE black/dark/dark green/dark blue YELLOW red/brown/orange GREEN green/blue yellow BLACK
24:05
Proto-Eastern Polynesian (Stage 4) Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke 345678901234567890
24:33
PEP had five colour categories Proto-Eastern Polynesian colour terms mapped to English colour categories white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *tea *pago *kula *namu *felo (*qui) (*maatuke) (*sega) *muka *siwa *ula *mata *rega-rega (*qusi) (*melo) *magu *mea *qusi *sega (*kefu) *kele *kefu *qui *koo-rega *kiwa *melo *kalaa *sega *quli *qusi *maatuke (Stage 4)
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II. 19th century te reo Mãori prior to significant English contact
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Mãori and its immediate ancestor Rapid dispersal from the Society Islands, spanning about 100 years between AD 1190 and 1293 (Kirch2001; Wilmshurst 2011; a.o.) Proto-Eastern Polynesian North America MICRONESIA Hawaiian Is. Marshall 1 Proto-Central EAST Eastern Polynesian POLYNESIA Kiribati Line Is. Arch. WEST POLYNESIA Proto "Eastern-Polynesian Peru Tuvalu on Is Samoa Society Is luamotu Is Rapa Nui Vanuatu Fiji Niue Tahitian Tonga COOK Austral Is New Caledonia Rarotongan Rapanui (Easter Is.) Kermadec Is. Norfolk Is Hawaiian Tuamotuan SOUTH POLYNESIA NZ Mãori New Zealand Marquesan Chatham Is. Mãori Walworth (2014) Auckland 1s.
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Color terms in early Mãori dictionaries (1840s) Words lost from PEP white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange *muka *maatuke *namu *qui *maatuke *sega *sega *felo *ari *kalaa *qusi *qusi *melo *kefu *sega *qusi *qui *kefu *mea *koo-rega *kiwa
25:11
Color terms in early Mãori dictionaries (1840s) (8) Colour terms in pre-colonisation Mãori (Williams 1844, 1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange maa (<*maqa) pango (<*pago) kura (<*kula) mata (<*mata) pungapunga (kahurangi) paakaa paapura tea (<*tea) mangu (<*magu) whero (<*melo) kakariki ura (<*ula) taitea pouri (<*uri) paka pokere (<*kele) pakaka torouka hiwa (<*siwa) ngangana Words reported in Tregear (1891) that are not found in either Williams (1844) or Williams (1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange taurei aniwaniwa waiarangi pounamu kowhai (hina) koma (pale) kupara mataura (<*ula) para kunikuni (dark) pakurakura renga (<*rega-rega) potangotango (dark) reperepe kanapanapa (dark) pokeke (dark) Large amount of lexical innovations replacing PEP words
Color terms in early Mãori dictionaries (1840s) (8) Colour terms in pre-colonisation Mãori (Williams 1844, 1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange maa (<*maqa) pango (<*pago) kura (<*kula) mata (<*mata) pungapunga (kahurangi) paakaa paapura tea (<*tea) mangu (<*magu) whero (<*melo) kakäriki ura (<*ula) taitea pouri (<*uri) paka pokere (<*kele) pakaka torouka hiwa (<*siwa) ngangana (9) Words reported in Tregear (1891) that are not found in either Williams (1844) or Williams (1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange taurei aniwaniwa waiarangi pounamu kowhai (hina) koma (pale) kupara mataura (<*ula) para kunikuni (dark) pakurakura renga (<*rega-rega) potangotango (dark) reperepe kanapanapa (dark) pokeke (dark) Large amount of lexical innovations replacing PEP words Terms derived from coloured objects: kahurangi 'blue sky', hina 'gray hair
Color terms in early Mãori dictionaries (1840s) Colour terms in pre-colonisation Mãori (Williams 1844, 1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange maa (<*maqa) pango (<*pago) kura (<*kula) mata (<*mata) pungapunga (kahurangi) paakaa paapura tea (<*tea) mangu (<*magu) whero (<*melo) kakariki ura (<*ula) taitea pouri (<*uri) paka pokere (<*kele) pakaka torouka hiwa (<*siwa) ngangana Words reported in Tregear (1891) that are not found in either Williams (1844) or Williams (1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange taurei aniwaniwa waiarangi pounamu kowhai (hina) koma (pale) kupara mataura (<*ula) para kunikuni (dark) pakurakura renga (<*rega-rega) potangotango (dark) reperepe kanapanapa (dark) pokeke (dark) Large amount of lexical innovations replacing PEP words Terms derived from coloured objects: kahurangi 'blue sky', hina 'gray hair' English loan for Stage 7 color: paapura 'purple'
25:28 - 26:39
Mãori was at Stage 4 prior to contact with English Mãori settlement of New Zealand (8) Colour terms in pre-colonisation Mãori (William No external language contact white black green maa (<*maqa) pango (<*pago) kura (<*kula) mata (<*mata Lexical innovations & replacements, but tea (<*tea) mangu (<*magu) whero (<*melo) kakariki taitea pouri (<*uri) paka No changes in colour categories pokere (<*kele) pakaka torouka hiwa (<*siwa) ngangana (9) Words reported in Tregear (1891) that are not found in either Williams (1844) or Williams (1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink taurei aniwaniwa waiarangi pounamu kowhai (hina) koma (pale) kupara mataura (<*ula) para kunikuni (dark) pakurakura renga (<*rega-rega) potangotango (dark) reperepe kanapanapa (dark) pokeke (dark) 19th century Mãori (Stage 4) (Stage 4)
26:51
Mãori was at Stage 4 prior to contact with English Colour terms in pre-colonisation Mãori (Williams 1844, 1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange maa (<*maqa) pango (<*pago) kura (<*kula) mata (<*mata) pungapunga (kahurangi) paakaa paapura tea (<*tea) mangu (<*magu) whero (<*melo) kakäriki ura (<*ula) taitea pouri (<*uri) paka pokere (<*kele) pakaka torouka hiwa (<*siwa) ngangana Words reported in Tregear (1891) that are not found in either Williams (1844) or Williams (1871) white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange taurei aniwaniwa waiarangi pounamu kowhai (hina) koma (pale) kupara mataura (<*ula) para kunikuni (dark) pakurakura renga (<*rega-rega) potangotango (dark) reperepe kanapanapa (dark) pokeke (dark) white/light mã, tea WHITE black/dark pango, mangu YELLOW red/brown kura, whero GREEN green kakariki, mata yellow kwhai, para BLACK
27:08
Why replacement innovations? reaction to the settlement of a new land China North America MICRONESIA Taiwan Hawaiian Is. Mariana Is Marshall Is Philippines Caroline Is. Palau Is. EAST POLYNESIA Halmahera, Borneo Kiribati Line Is, Bismarck Arch. WEST Sulawesi Guinea POLYNESIA Marquesas Is Indonesia Proto-Eastern-Polynesian Peru Tuvalu Timor "Solomon Is. Samoa LAPITA Vanuatu Fiii Niue Society Is. uamotu Is. CULTURE Tonga COOK 3.5 Austral Is New Caledonia Australia Rapanui Kermadec Is. (Easter [s.) Norfolk Is SOUTH POLYNESIA New Zealand Chatham Is. Auckland Is
27:49
kwhai 'yellow' replaced PEP words for yellow the most obvious yellow thing in the New Zealand environment
28:06
literally kk riki - 'little parrot' Hypothesis: over 700 years Named the green bird kk riki kakariki became the generic name for color green Semantic extension: other green objects named after the color C lan McHenry
28:48
III. Mid-20th century te reo Mãori after significant contact with English and after decades of suppression
29:40
Williams dictionary 6th edition 1957 white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange aniwaniwa hiwerawera hangongi kaho kahurangi haura hãmã papura kuratea ärangi hiva kaho horepara kowhai kikorangi hawera hina mawhero para-karaka teatea hiwahiwa kehu kakäriki mangaeka kakaka karei where taitea karatiwha uru-kehu kakanapa para kakarawera kiwikiwi ahoaho kiwa makehu karaka para-karaka kehu korora ari (<PMP *qali) kikiwa kura kärearea punga koka pumã korako kiwakiwa ukura torouka pungapunga mangaeka reko kororiko tuäkura karera renga parãone kpuni makurakura mãota rauwhero maka-uri kuratea mata tuäkura tawauri kakaramea rearea mangu matakã matomato whero ma-mangu matakaka pounamu whakama pau mangumangu paka niwaniwa pakaka whakarae parawera pakurakura pango mawera pokere poporo morea tawauri mumura nganangana nonokura whero waituhi puwhero towhero tütutupo ura (<PPn *ura) waiärangi waipu whakamapau
Williams dictionary 6th edition 1957 white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink aniwaniwa hiwerawera orange hangongi kaho kahurangi häura hamã hiva papura kuratea kaho ärangi horepara kowhai kikorangi hawera hina mawhero teatea hiwahiwa kehu para-karaka kakäriki mangaeka kakaka karei taitea whero karatiwha uru-kehu kakanapa parã kakarawera kiwikiwi ahoaho kiwa makehu karaka para-karaka kehu korora ari (<PMP*qali) kikiwa kura kärearea punga koka korako pumã kiwakiwa ukura torouka pungapunga mangaeka reko kororiko tuakura karera renga parãone kpuni makurakura mãota rauwhero maka-uri kuratea mata tuäkura tawauri kakaramea rearea mangu mataka matomato whero ma-mangu matakaka pounamu whakama pau mangumangu paka niwaniwa pakaka whakarae parawera pakurakura pango mawera pokere poporo morea tawauri mumura nganangana nonokura whero waituhi puwhero towhero tütutupo ura (<PPn *ura) waiarangi waipu whakamapau
Williams dictionary 6th edition 1957 white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange aniwaniwa hiwerawera hangongi kaho kahurangi hãura hama papura kuratea ärangi hiva kaho horepara kowhai kikorangi hawera hina mawhero teatea hiwahiwa para-karaka kehu kakäriki mangaeka kakaka karei whero taitea karatiwha uru-kehu kakanapa parã kakarawera kiwikiwi ahoaho kiwa makehu karaka para-karaka kehu korora ari (<PMP *qali) kikiwa kura kärearea punga koka pumä korako kiwakiwa ukura torouka pungapunga mangaeka reko kororiko tuäkura karera renga parãone kpuni makurakura mãota rauwhero maka-uri kuratea mata tuäkura tawauri kakaramea rearea mangu matakã matomato whero ma-mangu matakaka pounamu whakama pau mangumangu paka niwaniwa pakaka whakarae parawera pakurakura pango mawera pokere poporo morea tawauri mumura nganangana nonokura whero waituhi puwhero towhero tütutupo ura (<PPn *ura) waiarangi waipu whakamapau
Williams dictionary 6th edition 1957 white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange äniwaniwa hiwerawera hangongi kaho kahurangi hãura hamã papura kuratea ärangi hiva kaho horepara kowhai kikorangi hawera hina mawhero teatea hiwahiwa para-karaka kehu kakäriki mangaeka kakaka karei whero taitea karatiwha uru-kehu kakanapa para kakarawera kiwikiwi ahoaho kiwa makehu karaka para-karaka kehu korora ari (<PMP *qali) kikiwa kura karearea punga koka pümä korako kiwakiwa ukura torouka pungapunga mangaeka reko kororiko tuäkura karera renga parãone kpuni makurakura mãota rauwhero maka-uri kuratea mata tuäkura tawauri kakaramea rearea mangu mataka matomato whero ma-mangu matakakã pounamu whakama pau mangumangu paka niwaniwa pakaka whakarae parawera päkurakura pango mawera pokere poporo morea tawauri mumura nganangana nonokura whero waituhi puwhero towhero tütutupo ura (<PPn *ura) waiärangi waipu whakamapau
Williams dictionary 6th edition 1957 white black green yellow blue brown grey purple pink orange äniwaniwa hiwerawera hangongi kaho kahurangi hãura hamã papura kuratea hiva ärangi kaho horepara kowhai kikorangi hawera hina mawhero teatea para-karaka hiwahiwa kehu kakäriki mangaeka kakaka karei whero taitea karatiwha uru-kehu kakanapa para kakarawera kiwikiwi ahoaho kiwa makehu karaka para-karaka kehu korora ari (<PMP *qali) kikiwa kura kärearea punga koka pumã korako kiwakiwa ukura torouka pungapunga mangaeka reko kororiko tuäkura karera renga parãone kpuni makurakura mãota rauwhero maka-uri kuratea mata tuâkura tawauri kakaramea rearea mangu mataka matomato whero mä-mangu matakakã pounamu whakama pau mangumangu paka niwaniwa pakaka whakarae parawera pakurakura pango mawera pokere poporo morea tawauri mumura nganangana nonokura whero waituhi puwhero towhero tütutupo ura (<PPn *ura) waiärangi waipu whakamapau
29:58 - 31:13
1990s: a single word for each colour? (15) Colour terms in Contemporary Mãori (Ryan, 1995), as listed in his table of colour words white black green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple mangu kikorangi 'sky blue' kirini köwhai pûma parakaraka whero parãone pango purü 'blue' kerei arani (16) Colour terms in late 20th century Mãori (Bauer 1997) white black green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango kikorangi parãone kerei mäwhero whero kakäriki kowhai papura mangu kahurangi (loan) (loan) (loan) (compound) (loan) agreed te reo words for English white, black, red, yellow, green?, blue? loan words for English brown, grey, orange, purple, blue?, green?
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The general consensus: English-style Stage 7 system (20) Mãori equivalents to English basic colour terms in contemporary Mãori educational resources (2022) white black green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango whero kakariki köwhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka mawhero waiporoporo mangu kahurangi parauri poroporo pakaka tawa English loans new compound words coined native words
33:06
Borrowability, basicness, and word-formation strategies used for less basic colour terms
Borrowability, basicness, and word-formation strategies used for less basic colour terms What do the word-formation strategies used for te reo's new colour terms tell us about the pattern of language change?
33:38 - 33:43
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A b. green (Stage IV): kirini c. blue (Stage V): puru d. brown (Stage VI): parãone e. grey (Stage VII): karei f. pink (Stage VII): N/A g. orange (Stage VII): arangi h. purple (Stage VII): papura
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A b. green (Stage IV): kirini C. blue (Stage V): puru d. brown (Stage VI): parãone e. grey (Stage VII): karei f. pink (Stage VII): N/A g. orange (Stage VII): arangi h. purple (Stage VII): papura
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A b. green (Stage IV): kirini c. blue (Stage V): puru d. brown (Stage VI): parãone e. grey (Stage VII): karei f. pink (Stage VII): N/A g. orange (Stage VII): arangi h. purple (Stage VII): papura
orrowability VS. basicness glish loans attested in each category None of the five BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A native categories green (Stage IV): kirini adopted any loans blue (Stage V): puru throughout te brown (Stage VI): parãone reo's contact grey (Stage VII): karei pink (Stage VII): N/A history with orange (Stage VII): arangi English purple (Stage VII): papura (including loans for variations within these categories)
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category None of the five a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A native categories b. green (Stage IV): kirini adopted any loans c. blue (Stage V): puru Basic vocabulary throughout te d. brown (Stage VI): parãone are more resistant reo's contact e. grey (Stage VII): karei to borrowing! f. pink (Stage VII): N/A history with g. orange (Stage VII): arangi (Thomason & English h. purple (Stage VII): papura Kaufman 2001 (including loans for variations within these categories)
Borrowability vs. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category None of the five a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A native categories b. green (Stage IV): kirini adopted any loans c. blue (Stage V): puru Basic vocabulary throughout te d. brown (Stage VI): parãone are more resistant reo's contact e. grey (Stage VII): karei to borrowing! f. pink (Stage VII): N/A history with g. orange (Stage VII): arangi (Thomason & English h. purple (Stage II): papura Kaufman 2001 (including loans Why is pink for variations special?? within these categories)
33:56 - 34:47
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A b. green (Stage IV): kirini C. blue (Stage V): puru d. brown (Stage VI): parãone e. grey (Stage VII): karei f. pink (Stage VII): N/A g. orange (Stage VII): arangi h. purple (Stage VII): papura (22) Degree of intensity of contact (Thomason & Kaufman 2001) 1. casual contact 2. slightly more intense contact 3. more intense contact 4. strong cultural pressure 5. very strong cultural pressure
Borrowability VS. basicness (21) English loans attested in each category a. BLACK, WHITE, RED, yellow, GRUE (Stages I-III): N/A b. green (Stage IV): kirini c. blue (Stage V): puru Borrowing of "nonbasic" vocabulary d. brown (Stage VI): parãone usually commence when a language e. grey (Stage VII): karei reach Stage 3 of the five-point scale of f. pink (Stage VII): N/A intensity of contact. g. orange (Stage VII): arangi h. purple (Stage VII): papura (22) Degree of intensity of contact (Thomason & Kaufman 2001) 1. casual contact 2. slightly more intense contact 3. more intense contact 4. strong cultural pressure 5. very strong cultural pressure
35:12 - 35:24
Word-formation strategies attested in our dataset Examples mawhero 'pink' (white mãa + red whero) 1. Compound adjectives with two kuratea 'pink' (red kura + white tea) colour adjective stems parauri 'brown' (yellow para + black uri) puwhero 'red' (intensifier pu + red) 2. Compound adjectives with a ba- puhina 'grey' (intensifier pu + grey) sic colour stem with an achromatic möhinahina 'grey' (particle mo + grey) modifier makurakura 'red' (particle mã + pink) mamangu 'black' (particle mã + black) rauwhero 'brown' (leaf rau + red whero) 3. Compound adjectives with a waiporoporo 'purple' (liquid wai + purple poroporo) noun and a colour-adjective stem pouriuri 'brown' (night p + black uriuri) karaka 'orange' (a berry) kwhai 'yellow' (a flower) 4. Denominal words where the tawa 'purple' (a berry) noun stem implies characteristics kiwikiwi 'grey' (a bird) colour of an object pukepoto 'blue' (earth) kakariki 'green' (a bird)
Word-formation strategies attested in our dataset Examples mawhero 'pink' (white mãa + red whero) 1. Compound adjectives with two kuratea 'pink' (red kura + white tea) colour adjective stems parauri 'brown' (yellow para + black uri) puwhero 'red' (intensifier pu + red) 2. Compound adjectives with a ba- puhina 'grey' (intensifier pu + grey) sic colour stem with an achromatic mohinahina 'grey' (particle mo + grey) modifier makurakura 'red' (particle mã + pink) mamangu 'black' (particle ma + black) rauwhero 'brown' (leaf rau + red whero) Compound adjectives with a waiporoporo 'purple' (liquid wai + purple poroporo) noun and a colour-adjective stem pouriuri 'brown' (night p + black uriuri) karaka 'orange' (a berry) kwhai 'yellow' (a flower) Denominal words where the tawa 'purple' (a berry) noun stem implies characteristics kiwikiwi 'grey' (a bird) colour of an object pukepoto 'blue' (earth) kakariki 'green' (a bird)
Word-formation strategies attested in our dataset Examples mawhero 'pink' (white mãa + red whero) 1. Compound adjectives with two kuratea 'pink' (red kura + white tea) colour adjective stems parauri 'brown' (yellow para + black uri) puwhero 'red' (intensifier pu + red) 2. Compound adjectives with a ba- puhina 'grey' (intensifier pu + grey) sic colour stem with an achromatic möhinahina 'grey' (particle mo + grey) modifier makurakura 'red' (particle mã + pink) mamangu 'black' (particle mã + black) rauwhero 'brown' (leaf rau + red whero) 3. Compound adjectives with a waiporoporo 'purple' (liquid wai + purple poroporo) noun and a colour-adjective stem pouriuri 'brown' (night p + black uriuri) karaka 'orange' (a berry) kwhai 'yellow' (a flower) 4. Denominal words where the tawa 'purple' (a berry) noun stem implies characteristics kiwikiwi 'grey' (a bird) colour of an object pukepoto 'blue' (earth) kakariki 'green' (a bird)
Word-formation strategies attested in our dataset Examples mäwhero 'pink' (white mãa + red whero) 1. Compound adjectives with two kuratea 'pink' (red kura + white tea) colour adjective stems parauri 'brown' (yellow para + black uri) puwhero 'red' (intensifier pu + red) 2. Compound adjectives with a ba- puhina 'grey' (intensifier pu + grey) sic colour stem with an achromatic möhinahina 'grey' (particle mo + grey) modifier makurakura 'red' (particle mã + pink) mamangu 'black' (particle ma + black) rauwhero 'brown' (leaf rau + red whero) Compound adjectives with a waiporoporo 'purple' (liquid wai + purple poroporo) noun and a colour-adjective stem pouriuri 'brown' (night p + black uriuri) karaka 'orange' (a berry) kwhai 'yellow' (a flower) Denominal words where the tawa 'purple' (a berry) noun stem implies characteristics kiwikiwi 'grey' (a bird) colour of an object pukepoto 'blue' (earth) kakariki 'green' (a bird)
Word-formation strategies attested in our dataset Examples mäwhero 'pink' (white mãa + red whero) 1. Compound adjectives with two kuratea 'pink' (red kura + white tea) colour adjective stems parauri 'brown' (yellow para + black uri) puwhero 'red' (intensifier pu + red) 2. Compound adjectives with a ba- puhina 'grey' (intensifier pu + grey) sic colour stem with an achromatic möhinahina 'grey' (particle mo + grey) modifier makurakura 'red' (particle mã + pink) mamangu 'black' (particle ma + black) rauwhero 'brown' (leaf rau + red whero) 3. Compound adjectives with a waiporoporo 'purple' (liquid wai + purple poroporo) noun and a colour-adjective stem pouriuri 'brown' (night p + black uriuri) karaka 'orange' (a berry) kwhai 'yellow' (a flower) 4. Denominal words where the tawa 'purple' (a berry) noun stem implies characteristics kiwikiwi 'grey' (a bird) colour of an object pukepoto 'blue' (earth) kakariki 'green' (a bird)
36:05 - 37:25
Cases of semantic extension (19) Colour terms formed through semantic expansion white green yellow blue brown grey purple orange kreko kakäriki (a bird) kowhai pukepoto parauri (<'person kiwikiwi waiporoporo (a flower) karaka (<'dazzle') karerarera (a water plant) (a flower) (<'earth') with dark skin') (a bird) tawa (a berry) (a berry) pounamu (greenstone) mähoe (a berry) Cases of semantic extension attested in both basic and nonbasic categories. A large number of cases linked to the settlement of a new land. A large number of cases linked to te reo's revitalisation efforts.
37:46
The synchronic picture: English-style Stage 7 system (20) Mãori equivalents to English basic olour terms in contemporary Mãori educational resources (2022) white black green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango whero kakariki kowhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka mawhero waiporoporo mangu kahurangi parauri poroporo pakaka tawa English loans new compound words coined native words If education resources continue to assume the English color categories, those categories will eventually become fixed into Mãori
38:30
IV. 21 st century te reo Mãori after significant revitalisation
39:30
(18) Colour names in sixteen different educational resources English Mãori White Black pango mangu whero Yellow köwhai Green kakäriki light green kärerarera Blue kahurangi kikorangi kikurangi light blue kikorangi dark blue kahurangi Orange karaka parakaraka karakaraka Purple waiporoporo poroporo tawa papura mähoe Brown parauri parãone pakakã Pink mäwhero Grey kiwikiwi Sources: 1. Creative Classrooms Ltd; 2. Teacher Talk; 3. Suzanne Welch Teaching Resources; 4. Edsports @ The School Shop; 5. Top Teaching Tasks; 6. TES; 7. EduChoice; 8. The te reo Mãori classroom; 9. Help me learn, explicitly says that it has used maoridictionary.co.nz as its translation source; 10. Blackboard Jungle; 11. curiouslittlekiwi via Etsy; 12. MaoriLanguage.net; 13. Kupu (Mãori language website); 14. Learning Toolbox via Squoodles or CreativeClassrooms. 15. Ministry of Education teaching resource 16. Ministry of Education song
39:37
CRRAYONS Ng Tae Mawhero Parauri Kikerangi M& where Whero Colours - Ng Tae Karaka brown Kowhai parãone Waiperepers Kakariki purple Kakäriki where poroporo Kikorangi orange karaka Karak Where K hai Waiporoporo Parauri blue kahurangi yellow Pango köwhai Kiwikiwi Mangu Pange crayons labeled in Maori English Made Aotearna www justgreatdesign com green black kakariki white pango hiriwa kowhai Learning Toolbox karaka MAGNETIC LEARNING RESOURCES Maori colours mäwhero whero kikorangi kikorangi kakariki whero kahurangi poroporo mangu parauri kakariki karaka kwhai parauri kiwikiwi
CRRAYONS Nga Tae Mawhero Parauri Kikerangi Mã where Whero Colours - Ng Tae Karaka brown Kowhai parãone Waiperepers akariki Kakariki hero poroporo Kikorangi orange karaka Waiporoporo Karaka Where K hai blue kahurangi yellow Pango köwhai Kiwikiwi labeled in Maori English Mangu Actearna www ustgreatdesign com Pange green black kkriki white pango hiriwa kowhai Learning Toolbox karaka MAGNETIC LEARNING RESOURCES Mãori colours mäwhero kikorangi where kikorangi kakariki whero kahurangi poroporo mangu parauri Rakat karaka kwhai parauri kiwikiwi
CRAYONS Ng Tae Mawhero Parauri Kilerangi M& where Whero Colours - Ngã Tae Karaka Kowhai parãone Waiperepere Kakariki purple Kakariki where poroporo Kikorangi orange karaka Karaka Where K hai walporopor Parauri blue kahurang yellow kwhai Kiwikiwi labeled Maori & English design GO STAT Mangu Peinge green black kakariki white pango hiriwa kowhai Learning Toolbox karaka MAGNETIC LEARNING RESOURCES Maori colours mäwhero whero kikorangi kikorangi kakariki whero kahurangi poroporo mangu parauri karaka kwhai parauri KIWIRIWI
CRRAYONS Ng Tae Mawhero Parauri Kikerangi where Whero Colours - Ng Tae Karaka brown Kowhai parãone Waiperepers Kakariki purple Kakarki whero poroporo Kikorangi orange karaka Karak Where K hai Weiperopeto Parauri DIUE kahurangi yellow Pango köwhai Kiwikiwi in Maor English GOD GREAT Mangu Pange green black kakariki white pango hiriwa kowhai Learning Toolbox karaka MAGHETIC LEARNING RESOURCES Mãori colours mäwhero kikorangi kikorangi kakariki whero kahurangi poroporo mangu parauri kakäriki karaka kwhai parauri kiwikiwi
39:51 - 41:00
The modern consensus (20) Mãori equivalents to English basic colour terms in contemporary Mãori educational resources (2022) white black red green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango whero kakariki köwhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka mawhero waiporoporo mangu kahurangi parauri poroporo pakaka tawa Agreed single words: mã, whero, kakariki, kwhai, kiwikiwi, karaka, mäwhero Agreed two words: pango/mangu, kikorangi/ kahurangi Contention: brown, purple
The modern consensus (20) Mãori equivalents to English basic colour terms in contemporary Mãori educational resources (2022) white black green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango whero kakariki kowhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka mawhero waiporoporo mangu kahurangi parauri poroporo pakaka tawa loan word Agreed single words: mã, whero, kakariki, kwhai, kiwikiwi, karaka, mäwhero Agreed two words: pango/mangu, kikorangi/ kahurangi Contention: brown, purple
The modern consensus (20) Mãori equivalents to English basic colour terms in contemporary Mãori educational resources (2022) white black red green yellow blue brown grey orange pink purple pango whero kakariki köwhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka mawhero waiporoporo mangu kahurangi parauri poroporo pakaka tawa loan word compound words Agreed single words: mã, whero, kakariki, kwhai, kiwikiwi, karaka, mäwhero Agreed two words: pango/mangu, kikorangi/ kahurangi Contention: brown, purple
41:46 - 42:18
Colonisation? English white black green yellow blue brown grey orange purple pink Historic Mãori pango whero kakäriki köwhai mangu kura mata pungapunga Loan words kirini puru parãone kerei ärani papura Modern usage pango whero kakäriki kowhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka poroporo mäwhero mangu kahurangi parauri waiporoporo pakaka tawa
Colonisation? English white black green yellow blue brown grey orange purple pink Historic Mãori pango whero kakäriki köwhai mangu kura mata pungapunga Loan words kirini puru parãone kerei ärani papura Modern usage pango whero kakäriki köwhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka poroporo mäwhero mangu kahurangi parauri waiporoporo pakaka tawa
Colonisation? English white black green yellow blue brown grey orange purple pink Historic Mãori pango whero kakäriki köwhai mangu kura mata pungapunga Loan words kirini puru parãone kerei ärani papura Modern usage pango whero kakäriki kowhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka poroporo mäwhero mangu kahurangi parauri waiporoporo pakaka tawa kakariki
Colonisation? English white black green yellow blue brown grey orange purple pink Historic Mãori pango whero kakäriki köwhai mangu kura mata pungapunga Loan words kirini puru parãone kerei ärani papura Modern usage pango whero kakäriki köwhai kikorangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka poroporo mawhero mangu kahurangi parauri waiporoporo pakaka tawa kirini kakariki
42:24 - 43:27
and in other Pacific languages? English white black green yellow blue brown grey orange purple pink Mãori pango whero kakäriki kowhai kahurangi parãone kiwikiwi karaka poroporo mäwhero Tongan hinehina 'uli'uli kulokula mata engeenga pulu melomelo hina moli väleti pingiki Samoan pa'epa'e uliuli mumu meamata samasama moana 'ena'ena 'efu'efu moli viole pinike Cook Islands teatea kerekere muramura matie rengarenga auika paraoni re'ure'u mäkara vare'au tärona Fijian vulavula loaloa damudamu drokadroka dromodromo karakarawa kuvui dravu seni lokaloka piki Kiribati mainaina roroo uraura kiriin baabobo buruu buraun aoranti beboo bingke Hawaiian ke'oke'o 'ele'ele 'ula'ula 'ma'oma's melemele polü maku'e 'ähinahina 'alani poni 'äkala Tahitian uo'uo 'ere'ere 'ute'ute matie re'are'a ninamu rava rehu 'änani vare'au tärona LANU COLOURS IN KIRIBATI Lanu yellow pink baabobo kulokuto bingke lanu lanumoli lanumoana mumu purple black sämasama beboo roroo engeengo lonumata lonumoono lanumeamata blue brown viole buruu buraum lanumol green white lanu vôleti melomelo 'eng'ena pingiki piniki kiriin mainaina orange pa'epa'e aoranti uraura lanu l'efu'efu uliuli hind hinehino uti'ull pacificlearners.co.nz Pugile
43:48
Summary 12th century PEP had five colour categories 19th century Mãori had five colour categories Mãori adopted loan words to describe English colour categories 21st century Mãori repurposed existing Mãori words to fit English colour categories If education resources assume the English colour categories, then those categories will become fixed into te reo Mãori
44:29
Neil Dodgson colour theory neil.dodgson@vuw.ac.nz Victoria Chen linguistics victoria.chen@vuw.ac.nz Thanks to Meimuna Zahido Dr. Winifred Bauer AProf. Rachel McKee Prof. Miriam Meyerhoff Prof. Rawinia Higgins (Tühoe) Dr Meegan Hall (Ngäti Ranginui & Ngäti Tawharetoa) Dr Awanui Te Huia Tabitha McKenzie Tarsh Koia (Ngäti Porou) WILL -
45:19
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LALS Seminar Series
Linguistics and Applied Language Studies (Victoria University of Wellington)
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N. Dodgson and V. Chen (2024, March 22), The colonization of the colour pink: colour names and colour categories in te reo Māori
DOI
doi.org/10.52843/cassyni.5g1ggj
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Listed seminar This seminar is open to all
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Video length 47:35
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